Ipads in the Primary Classroom - 1042 Words

The introduction of the iPad/Tablet in Schools In 2010, apple introduced it’s newest technology, the iPad, which promised to bring mobile technology into every home and classroom. With the introduction of the iPad comes new considerations for learning and pedagogy. (Sheppard, 2011) McKenna (2012) suggests that the internet is as common a school fixture as lockers and library books. Additionally schoolwork is one of the most common activities performed online. One of the motivators for schools to adopt iPads was the ability to use interactive textbooks. The portability of the iPad made it not only easier to carry than several text books, but easier to use. The other motivator to iPads and digital textbooks is that the interactive features and capabilities. Digital textbooks can be updated to contain the most current information. Pedagogical shift VS. Technology Implementation An appropriate pedagogical framework is necessary to incorporate iPads into the classroom (McKenna, 3, 2012) It is important that educators are aware of the difference between technology integration which involves new literacies and curriculum integration. Newman (2013) notes (as cited in Hutchinson, Beschorner, Schmidt-Crawford, 2012) that research indicates that much of the technology used in literacy classroom is in the form of technology integration as opposed to curriculum integration. Technology at Home Researchers have found that at home, kids are more likely to be creators, designers, andShow MoreRelatedIpads in the Primary Classroom831 Words   |  3 PagesThe Benefits of iPads/Tablets in the Primary Classroom For many teachers introducing iPads in a primary classroom is a daunting task. Many educators are hesitant to take the leap to using iPads for instruction in a primary classroom (Getting Swainey, 2012). The research of Dhir, Gahwaji, Nyman found it is not surprising, that eight and nine year old children are considered technologically savvy. Children learn differently with technology. Certain skills such as problem solving, exploratory learningRead MoreBenefits of Using Mobile Technology in the Classroom777 Words   |  3 PagesTechnology is changing every day, and we are seeing this innovation in more places than ever, especially in classrooms. More specifically, since the release of the first Apple iPad in March 2010 we have seen an overwhelming amount of possibilities that were merely just ideas become available in our classroom. Take for instance wanting to have a class trip to the Guggenheim. Now, this is possible with virtual field trips. The Guggenheim offers a free app th at lets individuals explore works of artRead MoreApps For The Education System1578 Words   |  7 PagesIPad in classroom Introduction: With the progress and evolution of mankind, science being the adjacent part of mankind has also highly revolutionized and progressed. Nowadays, technology has covered the whole sphere of mankind and has emerged as an integral part of human life. Technology and science have facilitated the human beings at very high scale. In the present era, not only the adult, but also students of all ages are also enjoying the fruits of science. A great invention of science iPadRead MoreTechnology As A Tool For Teaching Students1508 Words   |  7 Pagessteady incline as to the amount of school districts across the world that are switching to iPads and other electronic devices to aide in the pupil’s education. Depending on the administrators, students are allowed to bring their devices to the classroom (BYOD, Bring Your Own Device), while other districts receive grants and other types of funding to purchase a technology device for each student. The primary concern to many districts is the cost factor. First and foremost, the school district hasRead MoreE Learning And Its Impact On Our Classrooms And How It Has Changed The Way We Grasp Information1292 Words   |  6 Pagesshopping everything is so instant and easy. The main type of learning this paper will focus on is the concept of e-learning and its impact in our classrooms and how it has changed the way we grasp information today. The basic definition of eLearning is  learning to utilize electronic technologies to access educational curriculum outside of a traditional classroom. According to Holmes and Gardner e-Learning can provide significant opportunities for learners to create and acquire knowledge for themselvesRead MoreWhat Is Autism Spectrum Disorder? Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagespaper were very much barriers to learning. This makes the research by O’Malley, Lewis Donehower (2013) very notable as they suggest the use of an iPad as an effective instructional tool to promote learning and independence for students diagnosed with moderate to severe developmental disabilities. Why do primary teachers use tablets in the classroom? Over the past decade there has been a strong push to ensure education systems maintain the ability to educate students to allow them to remain globallyRead MoreEssay On Tablets1036 Words   |  5 PagesTablets in Classrooms In a scenario akin to when the spread of books was first introduced and to when the internet was popularized and replaced our â€Å"traditional† means of media and communication, we are seeing an opposition to a new integration as our changing world progresses. In schools all around America, tablets are being implemented in classrooms to phase out and replace traditional textbooks. As with every new, â€Å"radical† revolution of a symbol of tradition from our youth, such as of primary schoolsRead MoreTablets Vs. Textbooks 1415 Words   |  6 Pagesfailure has now been made into the key source to get students and teachers more interacted while in a classroom setting. Tablets such as the iPad and the Microsoft surface have made this idea possible, showing students that there is another alternative to the traditional method which would be a printed version of the textbook. Tablets are portable computers that use a touchscreen as its primary input device, meaning that both keyboard and mouse are both physically located on the screen. Early TabletsRead MoreTechnology And Early Childhood Classroom1583 Words   |  7 Pages Technology in an Early Childhood Classroom Marsha Kinsel ENG122: English Composition II Instructor Susan Luck June 1, 2017 Technology in An Early Childhood Classroom Even though some experts feel children’s physical health is at risk once they are introduced to technology, it is a must, that early childhood educators do just that. In a world where technology is ever changing it is imperative that children are exposed as early as two years old so that they are not left at a disadvantageRead MoreCase Study On High School Students926 Words   |  4 Pagesstudents who are currently using an AAC system, specifically PECS, (2) in the Special Education sector in primary and secondary education classrooms, (3) chronological ages 11-17 years of age (4) and an official diagnosis of a developmental disability (DD) and (5) have a lunch period or recess period with access to novel listeners and communication partners (those in the general education classrooms). Exclusion criteria included being 18 years or older in high school, due to the reason they might be

Individual Health Needs Assignment Free Essays

My individual health needs assignment will be looking at a task I undertook for my clinical skills assessment. For the assessment I had to take my fellow colleagues blood pressure. This assignment will be looking at the positive and negative skills I have learnt throughout practice and experience; it will also show the areas I need to work on more. We will write a custom essay sample on Individual Health Needs Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now My assignment will also look at the importance of respecting my colleague’s needs and preferences. The assignment will also look at the importance of gaining consent from my patient before I carry out any nursing intervention. At the beginning of the assessment I had to give a clear understanding of which I was and the scenario I will be taking part in. I felt my instructions were clear; however I could have spoken louder and slower. Before I carried out my task I washed my hands and cleaned the blood pressure equipment, by doing this I have reduced the risk of infection (Dougherty, Lister 2006). Dougherty et al states hand washing is well researched and uncontroversial having been found to be the single most important procedure for preventing nosocomial infection as hands have been shown to be an important route of infection. The DOH also states hands must be cleaned before and after any nursing intervention (cited Dougherty, Lister2006). I felt my hand washing technique was good as I followed the six hand technique which states, to wash hands correctly you initially have to wash your hands palm to palm, which I did, it also suggests you have to put your right palm over the back of your left palm and vice versa, thirdly palm to palm with bent and spread out fingers. The fourth step of this technique is to wash the outer parts of your bent fingers, fifthly circular rubbing of left thumb in closed right hand which I feel I did not do correctly, and finally is circular rubbing backwards and forwards with closed right hand fingertips in left palm and vice versa ( cited Braun Medical LTD). Although hand washing was good there are still areas for improvement, therefore I will continue to improve this technique by researching more about handwashing,as it is an important technique to get right and it helps stop the spread of infection. I also introduced myself to my colleague by given my name, and what I was going to do. By doing this it would have made my colleague feel comfortable with the procedure. Although I communicated to my colleague I feel I could have spoken to my colleague more, I also feel my non-verbal communication could have been better as I found it hard to look at my colleague. During the scenario I was maintaining a safe environment by ensuring my colleague was sat comfortable, and by placing a pillow under their arm. I also made sure there was a table near my colleague which I could all my equipment on, so she could identify what I was doing. I also made sure I was sitting comfortably and the table was reach of me without me stretching out to get my equipment (Roper et al 2004). I feel the scenario went well, although I could have read more about hand washing, although the technique was good, I could improve this more to stop the spread of infection. I feel my interaction with my colleague throughout the scenario was poor as I did not communicate enough, a and I could of been reassuring my colleague more. After completing the scenario I cleaned the equipment down and disposed of any waste in the correct way To conlude this assignment I have learnt alot by participating in this assessment. I ahve learnt alot about myself and the ares in which I need to improve on. I have also realised the importance of gaining my colleagues consent befor carrying out any mursing intervention. The assessment has also taught me the importance of maintaining my colleagues dignity and respect at all times, and that is more important to treat them as individuals. I since come away from the assessment aware of my mistakes and that I need to improve on my handwashing techniques. I feel the overall assessment was good as I have gained alot my knowledge about the correct a procedure should be undertaken. I have also learnt that it is important as health professionals we ensure our patients/clients are comfortable at all times. How to cite Individual Health Needs Assignment, Essay examples

Nursing Reflective Essay Clinical Knowledge

Question: Discuss about theNursing Reflective Essayfor Clinical Knowledge. Answer: Introduction Reflective practice allows health care professionals to assess how they use their clinical knowledge in realistic situations. After getting my clinical placement, my role as a student nurse was associated with many challenges, however these challenges gave me the opportunity to learn and develop as a registered nurse. This reflective essay describes my experience related to a clinical scenario that I faced in my clinical placement. The reflection will be done using the Taylors reflect model to describe the case scenario and the challenges that I faced while caring for the patient. Taylors model of reflections will help me as a nurse to critically reflect on the challenges I faced, how I overcame them and what I learnt from the experience that helped me to develop as Registered nurse. The practical reflection approach is selected to describe what happened and how my role affected the patient. Evidence also suggests that reflective learning related to delivery of nursing care enhances the knowledge and skills of registered nurse. It makes them aware of their own values in nursing and develop nursing plan accordingly in the future to deliver patient-centered care (Vikstrm et al., 2015). Taylors REFLECT model of reflection is based on the following aspects- Readiness, Exercising thought, Following systematic processes, Leaving oneself open to answer, Enfolding insight, Changing awareness and Tenacity in reflection. My readiness to reflect comes from my commitment to continuously learn and enhance my nursing competencies by reflecting on past experiences and taking lessons from them. I am going to exercise my thought by describing lived experience of a clinical situation that I faced in my clinical placement (Taylor, 2014). By the process of practical reflection, re-experiencing questions describes my clinical scenario. During my clinical placement, I came across a deteriorating patient who had been admitted to the emergency department with an overdose. At that time I was newly placed in the hospital as a student nurse and my role was to be with the preceptor who had the responsibility for maintaining the airway of the patients. I was informed by my preceptor that such patients with drug overdose develops seizures, circulatory collapse and they also have the risk of dying. Acute intoxication also leads to respiratory depression, slurred speech, pulmonary edema, coma and death (Zhang et al., 2016). Hence, the first immediate step for the nurse in this situation was to insert the endotracheal tube as precautionary measures and use assisted ventilation to stabilize the patients (Bolen, 2016). My preceptor ordered me to go to the resuscitation area and assist the senior nurse. As I had never been to the res uscitation area before, I was very nervous. I had no idea about how the patients are incubated and what equipments are needed for the process. When I was put into this situation, I realized my lack of nursing skills in the area of maintaining airway potency. I was not aware of the equipments required for intubation and I knew that I will have a hard time assisting the senior nurse. Based on reinterpretation of the situation where I encountered the deteriorating patients in the resuscitation room, my hope was that I will try my best to assist the nurse and make no delay in my actions to prevent any harm to patients. I was aware of my nursing values of being accountable and fair to the patients and use my expertise to safe guard health and well-being of patients (Iacobucci et al., 2013). In the resuscitation rooms, a physician was overseeing the patient and asked the senior nurse to arrange the equipments for intubation quickly. The patients condition was deteriorating and intubation either with endotracheal tube or tracheostomy might solve airway complications in the patient. I was given a checklist of intubation equipment which I had to provide to the nurse as fast as possible. It mainly included equipments like endotracheal tube, laryngoscope, face mask, bag valve mask, oxygen source, cardiac monitor, IV kit, stethoscope, lubricating gel, syringes and batterie s (Bean et al., 2016). I was familiar with some of the equipments and the airway trolley. Finally I decided to communicate this to my senior nurse as for me patients safety was my first priority and did not wanted to cause any harm to patients because of my lack of knowledge. I told her that I am not familiar with many of the equipment. She immediately understood and told me this is normal at this stage as I had just been newly placed at the hospital. Hence, I at least managed to achieve my communicative role and avoided any confusion or risky situation in the clinical setting (Williams et al., 2016). I was highly relieved by the nurse comment; however I resolved that I will ask about the equipments and its use from my preceptor after my end of shift. Earlier I had the perception that physicians only play a role in the intubation process, however after assisting the nurse, came to learn that nurses also play a vital role in management of patients in the resuscitation room (Schneiderhahn Fish, 2014). I observed the senior nurse and stepwise process she performed as part of preparation for intubation. She oxygenated the patient using the bag valve mask and attached the patient to a pulse oximeter (Hatch et al., 2016). Another observation by me was that professional nurses and other health care staffs delegate task efficiently so that everyone is aware of their role in the process and the medical intervention takes place at a rapid rate (Valentine, Nembhard, Edmondson, 2015). The senior nurse instructed me to position the patient. However this was not simple, the patient had to pos ition according the height of the bed so the physicians get a comfortable position to insert the tube. Other responsibilities were to prepare and administer sedative medications which I did and I had no problem in this because I had done this earlier during my nursing education. During the preparation for the intubation process, I was clueless most of the time regarding why certain equipments are being prepared. I wanted to get back to my preceptor to learn about the equipment as soon as possible (Prekker et al., 2014). At this stage, all the preparation related laryngoscope and battery check was done. Finally the physicians placed the endotracheal tube accurately and the senior nurses attached the patient to ventilator as per physcians order. I thought this is the end of the process and my responsibility. However, the senior nurse interrupted me and told me that nursing management after the patient is intubated is very crucial. She was constantly giving me new knowledge and I was feeling empowered after being aware of different nursing responsibilities to manage airway problems. The reflection about the above scenario and my experience at the resuscitation room taught me many lessons. It was a form of relearning for me even after my completion of nursing education. I realized that whatever knowledge so far I have garnered as part of my nursing education is not enough and my real learning and professional development will start when I will face real patients in clinical setting. I was at least confident after this experience that next time I will not struggle during the intubation process. I learnt that even after inserting the tube, nurses need to constantly monitor the patients. For example they need to assess the clients respirator status every 2 hours and assess their nasal mucosa for any redness or irritation. Secondly, they need to close monitor the cuff pressure of patients to minimize any risk of tracheal necrosis. Patients under intubation also have risk of oral infection, so nurse has the responsibility to provide oral care after every 4 hours (Sole Bennett, 2014). Another most important lesson that I learnt about airway management and care of such patient was that we should communicate frequently with such patient. As they cannot speak, they should be given communication aids such as white board so that we can understand their issues and build a therapeutic relation with them. Furthermore, after my shift time, I cleared all my doubts regarding the use of different equipment and airway trolley tube from my preceptor. Now I was confident that this knowledge will come in handy during the airway management of patients coming in the emergency room in the future. As part of my ethical responsibility, I will also ensure that I will perform all my nursing responsibility in accordance with the current standard of nursing practice and hospitals protocol. Hence, airway management is a skill dependent on knowledge of airway anatomy, equipments for airway manipulation and judicious use of pharmacological agents. I am also sure that my nursing skills will i mprove by experience and more time spent in clinical setting (Lewis et al., 2015). The essay on practical reflection on the challenges faced in clinical practice summarized the problems encountered by a nursing student while dealing with a patient admitted to the hospital after medication overdose. The use of Taylors REFLECT model helped in setting the stage for reflection and describing the detailed process regarding the challenges faced in practice and the manner in which the problem was resolved. It finally gave detail on the key lessons learnt from reinterpreting the situation and using it to develop in professional nursing career. Reference Bean, J. F., Arensman, R. M., Srinivasan, N., Maheshwari, A., Ambalavanan, N. (2016). Medical and Surgical Interventions for Respiratory Distress and Airway Management.Assisted Ventilation of the Neonate, 392. Bolen, J. (2016). From Patient Evaluation to Opioid Overdose Prevention: Ten Steps to Make the Law Work for You and Your Patients. InControlled Substance Management in Chronic Pain(pp. 187-226). Springer International Publishing. Hatch, L. D., Grubb, P. H., Lea, A. S., Walsh, W. F., Markham, M. H., Maynord, P. O., ... Ely, E. W. (2016). Interventions to Improve Patient Safety During Intubation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.Pediatrics, e20160069. Iacobucci, T. A., Daly, B. J., Lindell, D., Griffin, M. Q. (2013). Professional values, self-esteem, and ethical confidence of baccalaureate nursing students.Nursing ethics,20(4), 479-490. Lewis, S. L., Maltas, J., Dirksen, S. R., Bucher, L. (2015).Study guide for medical-surgical nursing: Assessment and management of clinical problems. Elsevier Health Sciences. Prekker, M. E., Kwok, H., Shin, J., Carlbom, D., Grabinsky, A., Rea, T. D. (2014). The process of prehospital airway management: challenges and solutions during paramedic endotracheal intubation.Critical care medicine,42(6), 1372. Schneiderhahn, M. E., Fish, A. F. (2014). The clinical nurse specialist as resuscitation process manager.Clinical Nurse Specialist,28(6), 343-348. Sole, M. L., Bennett, M. (2014). Comparison of airway management practices between registered nurses and respiratory care practitioners.American Journal of Critical Care,23(3), 191-200. Taylor, B. J. (2014). Walking my talk: applying the REFLECT model to personal-professional intersections while re-signing in academia.Reflective Practice,15(2), 240-251. Valentine, M. A., Nembhard, I. M., Edmondson, A. C. (2015). Measuring teamwork in health care settings: a review of survey instruments.Medical care,53(4), e16-e30. Vikstrm, S., Sandman, P. O., Stenwall, E., Bostrm, A. M., Saarnio, L., Kindblom, K., ... Borell, L. (2015). A model for implementing guidelines for person-centered care in a nursing home setting.International psychogeriatrics,27(01), 49-59. Williams, K. N., Ilten, T. B., Bower, H. (2016). Meeting communication needs: topics of talk in the nursing home.Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services,43(7), 38-45. Zhang, P., Austin, E., Thompson, M., Lin, S. (2016). Challenges in a large mixed drug overdose patient.BMJ Case Reports,2016, bcr2016215554.

Parle Essay Example

Parle Essay Parle Agro From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs references that appear in reliable third-party publications. Primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject are generally not sufficient for a Wikipedia article. Please add more appropriate citations from reliable sources. (July 2007) Parle Products Pvt Ltd based in Mumbai, India has been Indias largest manufacturer of biscuits and confectionery, for almost 80 years. Makers of the worlds largest selling biscuit, Parle-G[1], and a host of other very popular brands. Its reach spans even to the remotest villages of India. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971[2]. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionery market in India[3][4], Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. Parle Agro is a food and beverage company based in Mumbai, India. Contents [hide] 1 Brands 2 See also 3 References 4 External links [edit] Brands Beverages: Frooti (Mango drink) Appy and Appy Fizz (Apple flavoured drink) LMN (Lemon flavored drink) Bailley (Packaged drinking water) Saint Juice (Fruit juices) Grappo Fizz (Grape flavoured drink) Biscuit Snacks: Parle-G (Largest selling biscuit in the world. ) Krackjack Monaco Hide Seek Hide Seek Milano Cheeslings Musst Bites Digestive Marie Parle Marie Milk Shakti Musst Chips Musst Stix Hippo (baked wheat snack) Monaco Smart Chips Confectioneries: Poppins (Sugar based candies in various fruit flavours. ) Melody (Chocolate candy) Xhale (Mint) Mango Bite Kaccha Mango Bite Kismi Toffee Orange Candy edit] See also Bisleri Parle-G Parle-G Parle-G or Parle Glucose biscuits, manufactured by Parle Agro, are one of the most popular confectionary biscuits in India. Parle-G is one of the oldest brand names in India and is the largest selling brand of biscuits in India. For decades, the product was instantly recognized by its iconic white and yellow wax paper wrapper with the depiction of a young girl, Sonam (calgary) c overing the front. Many counterfeit companies have attempted to recreate and sell lower quality products of similar names and virtually identical package design. We will write a custom essay sample on Parle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Parle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Parle specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The companys slogan is popular among the Indian consumer population, reading G means Genius. The name, Parle-G, is derived from the name of the Indian rail station, Vile Parle, where the Parle Agro production factory is based. This biscuit is the one of the most popular biscuits and is primarily eaten as a tea-time snack. Parle-G boasts of being the largest selling biscuit in the world[1]. It enjoys 70% market share in India in the glucose biscuit category followed by Britannia Tiger (17-18%) and ITCs sunfeast (8-9%)[2]. The brand is estimated to be worth over Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), and contributes more than 50 per cent of the companys turnover (Parle Products is an unlisted company and its executives are not comfortable disclosing exact numbers). Last fiscal, Parle had sales of Rs 3,500 crore (Rs 35 billion). [edit] History In 1929 a small company by the name of Parle Products emerged in India, while under British rule. A small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture sweets and toffees. A decade later it was upgraded to manufacture biscuits as well. Since then, the Parle name has grown in all directions, won international fame and has been selling its products all over India and abroad. Apart from the factories in Mumbai and Bangalore, Parle also has factories in Bahadurgarh in Haryana, Ahmedabad in Gujarat and Neemrana in Rajasthan, which are the largest biscuit and confectionery plants in the country. Additionally, Parle Products also has 9 manufacturing units and 53 manufacturing units on contract. It is also having a special taste which cannot be made by others. [edit] Sweets Parle Agro also produces various legendary sweet and toffee brands: Melody toffee Mango Bite, mango flavored candy Kaccha Mango Bite, ripe mango flavored candy Poppins, fruit flavored candies Kismi Bar, elaichi chocolate toffee Kismi Gold Orange Candy Lite (Sugar Free Bonbons) XHale History In 1929 a small company by the name of Parle products emerged in British dominated India. The intent was to spread joy and cheer to children and adults alike, all over the country with its sweets and candies. The company knew that it wouldn’t be an easy task, but they decided to take the brave step. A small factory was set up in the suburbs of Mumbai, to manufacture sweets and toffees. A decade later it was upgraded to manufacture biscuits as well. Since then, the Parle name has grown in all directions, won international fame and has been sweetening peoples lives all over India and abroad. Apart from the factories in Mumbai and Bangalore Parle also has factories in Bahadurgarh in Haryana and Neemrana in Rajasthan, which are the largest biscuit and confectionery plants in the country. Additionally, Parle Products also has 7 manufacturing units and 51 manufacturing units on contract. Parle Products has been Indias largest manufacturer of biscuits and confectionery, for almost 80 years. Makers of the worlds largest selling biscuit, Parle-G, and a host of other very popular brands, the Parle name symbolizes quality, nutrition and great taste. With a reach spanning even the remotest villages of India , the company has definitely come a very long way since its inception. Many of the Parle products biscuits or confectioneries, are market leaders in their category and have won acclaim at the Monde Selection, since 1971. With a 40% share of the total biscuit market and a 15% share of the total confectionary market in India , Parle has grown to become a multi-million dollar company. While to consumers its a beacon of faith and trust, competitors look upon Parle as an example of marketing brilliance. Parle-G Every nation dreams of a better tomorrow. And every nation’s tomorrow lies in the hands of its children; children who make the nation proud in every aspect; the young geniuses who shape the future of the nation. So it’s important to nourish these young minds, for after all it’s a question of the nation’s future. Filled with the goodness of milk and wheat, Parle G is a source of strength for both body and mind. Treat yourself to a packet of Parle-G to experience what has nurtured and strengthened the minds of millions of genius Indians for over 65 years. It’s more than just a biscuit. A meal substitute for some, a tasty and healthy snack for many others. Consumed by some for the value it offers, and many others for it’s taste. Little wonder that it’s the Largest selling Biscuit Brand in the world. Ingredients : Wheat Flour, Sugar, Partially Hydrogenated Edible Vegetable Oils, Invert Syrup*, Leavening Agents [ 503 ( ii ), 500 ( ii ) ], Salt, Milk Solids, Emulsifiers [ 322 or 471 481 ( i ) ] and Dough Conditioners [ 223 ]. Contains Added Flavours (Artificial). * (d Glucose, Levulose) Pack Sizes available: 16. 5G, 38. 5G, 60. 5G, 82. 5G, 99G, 209G, 313. 5G, 418G, 825G Parle G largest selling biscuit brand in world If you thought that a typical family run Indian company cannot top the worldwide charts, think again. The homegrown biscuit brand, Parle G, has proved the belief wrong by becoming the largest selling biscuit brand in the world. Ajay Chauhan, executive director of Parle Products, told Business Standard: The more than 50-year-old brand, Parle G, has been rated as the largest selling glucose biscuit brand in the whole world in terms of volumes. This came as a surprise to us when we were made to understand that we have topped the worldwide charts of the global biscuits industry. This was recently revealed by the US based Bakery Manufacturers Association. The other global biscuit brands include Oreo from Nabisco and McVities from UK-based United Biscuits among others. According to ORG-MARG reports, Parle G commands a good 65 per cent market share in the domestic biscuit market. The glucose biscuits category in India is estimated at Rs 15 billion. The Parle G brand faces competition from Britannias Tiger brand of biscuits. The companys flagship brand, Parle G, contributes more than 50 per cent to the companys total turnover. The other biscuits in the Parle Products basket includes Monaco, Krack Jack, Marie, Hide n Seek, Cheeslings, Jeffs, Sixer and Fun Centre. Said Chauhan: The core brands of the company in the biscuit category will include only Parle G, Monaco and Krack Jack. The other brands will not be aggressively supported by us in the market. This is because these three brands contribute substantially to our topline, Chauhan added. The confectionery business, which is the other division of Parle Products, currently contributes only 15 per cent to the companys total turnover. Interestingly, the company started operations with the confectionery business in 1929. Chauhan elucidated: The confectionery business has now taken a backseat and has become a smaller part of our business because in India biscuits have a larger market. The company commands a 40 per cent marketshare in the Rs 35 billion biscuit market in India. In the confectionery segment, the company enjoys a mere 15 per cent marketshare. The companys confectionery portfolio comprises brands like Melody 2 in 1, MangoBite, Poppins, Rol-a-cola, Kismi, Rosemint, Peppermint, Orange candy, Fruit Drops, Pick n Pack and Tangy. Chauhan has picked up three core brands from this category as well, they being Melody 2 in 1, Poppins and MangoBite. Its a brand that has held its price line at Rs 4 for 25 years now the price was last raised in 1994 by 25 paise. So, its not for nothing that Parle-G is the worlds largest-selling biscuit by volumes. Not that the company didnt try to raise prices to offset the overall hike in costs. Three years ago it did so, but quickly rolled it back after volumes fell sharply and consumers wrote to lodge their protest. We want to cater to the masses and have consciously tried not to increase the price. Parle-G is available for Rs 50 a kg. There are very few food items that are available for Rs 50-60 a kg, says Pravin Kulkarni, general manager (marketing), Parle Products. Parle is, of course, not doing it for charity. Soaring input prices meant it opted for reducing the weight of the biscuit than increasing the price first from 100 gm to 92. gm in January 2008, and then to 88 gm in January this year in line with other biscuit-makers and FMCG players. Regular customers would have noticed the number of biscuits in a pack come down from 16 to 15 even as each biscuit became lighter, but they seemed to understand the cost pressures on the firm. The gamble paid off: Parle was able to sustain its volumes. Strict cost control at every point in its supply chain also helped Parle ent ered into forward contracts with suppliers, outsourced production, increased the number of manufacturing locations to 60 and consolidated buying. Raw material costs account for 60 per cent of the total costs in this segment and packaging costs (plastic films) account for 20-25 per cent of this. Nirmalaya Kumar, professor of marketing at London [ Images ] Business School, feels its a very smart strategy. At this price point, price becomes more important than the weight of the biscuit. Its very interesting and similar to the dollar stores in the US, he says. But price is not its only USP. What makes the Parle G brand tick is also that it has been positioned on the health platform (a single pack of biscuit offers 450 calories). Its earlier punchline was Parle-G: swadh bhare, shakti bhare (full of taste and energy). Currently, the brand uses two punchlines. Parle-G: G for Genius and Hindustan ki Taakat (the countrys strength). The brand, says Kulkarni, meets different needs of customers: calories (energy), nutrition and value-for-money enough reasons why Parle-G enjoys close to 70 per cent market share in the glucose biscuit category and probably has the deepest reach. It reaches 2. 5 million outlets, including villages with a population of 500 people, on a par with Unilevers Lifebuoy, ITCs cigarettes or mobile pre-paid cards. Its also one of the few FMCG brands in the country, whose customers straddle across income segments. The brand is estimated to be worth over Rs 2,000 crore (Rs 20 billion), and contributes more than 50 per cent of the companys turnover (Parle Products is an unlisted company and its executives are not comfortable disclosing exact numbers). Last fiscal, Parle had sales of Rs 3,500 crore (Rs 35 billion). Competition has, of course, been trying to wean away customers from Parle. Britannia [ Get Quote ] relaunched its Glucose-D biscuit as Tiger in 1995 and boasts of 17-18 per cent share, while ITCs Sunfeast glucose has captured 8-9 per cent, according to industry sources. Even Levers had forayed into this segment in 2003 and launched a glucose biscuit branded as Modern, after it acquired the bakery business of Modern. There are strong regional brands, including Priya Gold (west), Cremica (north) and Anmol (east). But they still have their work cut out. Nirmalaya Kumar feels the Parle-G story is so fascinating that it deserves to be a case study. What would be interesting to see is whether it will be able to retain its leadership in the coming years as income grows in the hinterlands and consumers upgrade and develop new tastes. The popular Parle-G, glucose biscuits from Parle Products, have witnessed a price hike after a gap of nine years. The company’s marketing manager Pravin Kulkarni said that over these years Parle-G’s price has not increased even as inflation has resulted in a increase in the cost of other products. The price hike, which was decided just before the Budget and was implemented about 10 days ago, has taken up the price of a 100 gm Parle-G pack from Rs four to Rs 4. 0, while that of the 50 gm pack from Rs two to Rs 2. 50. An analyst with a leading brokerage firm in Mumbai said that the move, not exactly related to the Budget, is good for the company and is expected to go down well with the consumers. Arch rival, Britannia Industries, is likely to adopt a wait-and-watch policy for some time, be fore increasing the prices of its glucose biscuit brand, Tiger. Mr Kulkarni said that till now there has been no impact on sales, even as it is too early to observe any further effect. He added that the consumers also understand the need for a price hike after so many years. The company does not have plans at the moment for price increases in any other brands. The organised biscuit market in India is estimated to be over Rs 3000 crore. Britannia, the market leader, is said to have about 45 per cent market share, with Parle close behind at about 30-35 per cent. Another major brand is Priya Gold from Surya Foods, while the smaller brands include Sunfeast from ITC and Champion. The unorganised market comprising very small regional brands and unbranded biscuits and naankhataai, is showing a declining trend over the years, according to analysts.

Bureaucracies essays

Bureaucracies essays Our country is full of them, but yet we do not even notice them at times. They are called bureaucracies. Systems of organization and control based on three principles: hierarchical authority, job specialization, and formalized rules. Sure there are the ones we know and think as being bureaucracies such as the government and the education system, but many people do not realize the organizations they belong to and the activities they do for fun are still bureaucracies. Such is the case with a baseball team. A baseball team has all the fundamentals of a bureaucracy. There is the hierarchical authority in the order of the head coach who has all of the power to direct and control the team. Everybody else involved with the team has to answer to the head coach. The head coach makes the policy, as Patterson would say. He appoints the assistant coaches and chooses which players to have on the team. The assistant coaches would come next in line. They have control over the players also but they have to answer to the head coach about what to teach. The assistants also play a role in choosing which players should be on the team, but ultimately the head coach makes the choice. The bottom of the hierarchical authority line is the player who must obey both the head coach and the assistant coaches. The job specialization is apparent on a baseball team. The players know their job is to play the game the way the coaches want them to. They are each specialized in the position they play on the field. The coaches teach them how play the way they want them to play. The assistant coaches have to be specialized in a certain area. (Ex.: outfield, infield, pitching, etc...) while all of this is going on the head coach has to decide how to teach and play the game as a whole. The head coach has to make the decisions on all of the different positions. He/she ultimately has control of the whole team and how it is run. ...

How to Replace a Lost Medicare Card

How to Replace a Lost Medicare Card While you might not really need to replace a lost Social Security card, as a Medicare beneficiary  your red, white, and blue Medicare card is one of the most important pieces of identification you own. Your Medicare card is proof that you are enrolled in Original Medicare and is often needed in order to receive medical services or medications covered by Medicare. Should your Medicare card be lost, stolen, damaged, or destroyed, it is important that you replace it as soon as possible. While Medicare benefits, payments, and covered services are administered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), Medicare cards are issued and replaced by the Social Security Administration (SSA). How to Replace Your Card You can replace your Medicare card in any of the following ways: Log on to your MyMedicare.gov account and select â€Å"Replacement Medicare card.† If you have not created your MyMedicare account, its easy, secure, and a really good idea.  Request a replacement card online from the Social Security Administration. Your confidential information is completely secure, thanks to the websites state-of-the-art encryption.Call the Social Security Administration (SSA) at 1-800-772-1213 (TTY: 1-800-325-0778).Visit your area Social Security office. According to Medicare Interactive,  if  you receive  Medicare  health or drug benefits from a Medicare Advantage Plan,  such as an HMO, PPO, or PDP, you need to contact  your plan to get your plan card replaced. If you receive  Medicare through the  Railroad Retirement Board, call 877-772-5772 for a replacement  Medicare card. No matter how you order your replacement, you will need to provide some basic personal information, including your full name, Social Security number, date of birth, and phone number. Replacement Medicare cards are sent to the last mailing address you have on file with the Social Security Administration, so always notify the SSA when you move. According to the SSA, your replacement Medicare card will arrive in the mail about 30 days after you request it. If You Need Proof of Coverage Sooner If you need proof that you have Medicare sooner than 30 days, you also can request a letter which you will receive in about 10 days. If you ever need immediate proof of Medicare coverage to see a doctor or  get a prescription, you should call or visit your local Social Security office. Taking Care of Your Medicare Card: The ID Theft Threat You have probably noticed that the beneficiary identification number on your Medicare card is simply your Social Security number, plus one or two capital letters. Probably not the best idea, but that’s just the way it is. Since your Medicare card has your Social Security number on it, losing it or having it stolen could expose you to identity theft. As with your Social Security card and Social Security number, never give your Medicare ID number or Medicare card to anyone except your doctor, health care provider, or Medicare representative. If you are married, you and your spouse should have separate Medicare cards and ID numbers.   In order to have Medicare pay for your services, some doctors, pharmacies, and other health care providers may require you to bring your Medicare card with you each time you go to them. But at all other times, leave your card at home in a safe place. If you think someone is using your Medicare ID number or Social Security number you should: Create an Identity Theft Report online using the Federal Trade Commission’s (FTC) Identity Theft reporting tool. An Identity Theft Report gives you some important rights that can help you recover from the theft.Call the Federal Trade Commissions ID Theft Hotline for additional information at 1-877-438-4338 (TTY users 1-877-486-2048).

Business statistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business statistics - Essay Example This is given that Professionals and Managers frequently are attentive to their measures level like mode, sums, and means. This is a way of communicating of the measure level and numbers use. In comparing of descriptive and inferential data, the two define the data variation in terms of the probability or dispersion distributions/patterns describing the data. This is where both rely on the same set of data. The only difference between the 2 is that inferential data aims to draw general conclusions about a big population (Richard, 69). This way its clear organizations look at results in many ways: quality, time, expenses etc. The dispersion learnt earlier helps to recognize the data information being tracked/measured. In order to decide of results and outcomes, we ought to understand the data variation or consistency (Richard, 44). This means data variation results to dissimilar results understanding. Descriptive statistics method of calculating data is for instance, function of Excel Analysis ToolPak function which produce salary data that is descriptive in statistics. The example of calculations in statistics is the Employee Salary Data set. In research, we categorize the collected data by the GEN1 (G variable) for females and males and then get each gender average and standard deviation for these variables in terms of age or other quantity measure (Richard, 78). It is possible to use for one gender descriptive and the functions of FX for (MEAN and STANDARD DEVIATION) for the other. The paper has looked at the numbers and measurement as well as descriptive and inferential data as a way of analyzing data collected. This way the paper has discussed how inferential data differs from the descriptive data where as seen, inferential depend on the data to draw general perspective of big populations. Lastly, the paper has viewed some research application of descriptive data in contrast to inferential

Nursing education in the present-day Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing education in the present-day - Essay Example The key to this problem is difference between expectations and reality. The university-workplace transition is, therefore, marked by the students' expectations of the graduate year and the hard reality that they encounter in the workforce setting (Heslop, L. et al., 2001). In response to this perceived gap and in response to the understanding that this will affect the employee satisfaction and employee retention, most of the hospitals developed transition programmes, such as, nurse externship that offered the fresh graduates scope to develop clinical skills enough to enter the formal work force. The conditions that promoted such a plan still exist, and now the authorities having seen the benefits of such transition programmes and having sensed the stresses commonly faced by new registered nurses are stressing on the successful transition of the new graduates to the registered nurse role (Starr, K., and Conley, V.M. 2006). The three factors inherent in special attention to the transition phase of a registered nurse are changes in nursing condition, changing nursing education and healthcare trends, and the reality shock that the new nurses experience. The other agenda was to ease the transition from a student to registered nurse by creating opportunities for the new nurses to acquire basic nursing skill competence and to develop confidence in practice (Allison et al., 1984). The benefits would be immense. If the registered nurses continue to work in the same environment in the second year of practice, the falls and falters of the first year in the phase of transition would enrich the nurses' experience and would allow them to develop a customized strategy for the same environment, if not by experience, at least by...Wellington: Ministry of Health, Published in January 2004 by the Ministry of Health, PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand. Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and British Medical Association ( 2000). Teamworking in Primary Healthcare. Realizing Shared Aims in Patient Care. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and British Medical Association.

Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay Example for Free

Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot Essay Samuel Beckett was born in Dublin, Ireland in 1906. Beckett was a playwright, writer and poet. He was considered to be one of the key writers who wrote in the style of the theatre of the absurd. The theatre of the absurd are plays in which the characters are caught up in hopeless situations and in a plot that is very expansive and without meaning. Becketts first play titled Waiting for Godot which was translated into English from French. Waiting for Godot was one of his most famous plays and is renowned throughout the world. Beckett received the Nobel Prize in 1969 for literature and passed way in 1989. Samuel Beckett uses many techniques to emphasize the themes of friendship, dependency, loyalty, uncertainty and ambiguity. Beckett also uses various literature techniques such as puns and mirrors. The use of black humor is used to lighten up the dim, dark vibe given off by the situations and scenarios. The theme of uncertainty can be witnessed throughout the play; we see this from the use of language. We can see from the following quote taken from Act 1 page 16 where Vladimir and Estragon are having a conversation and Estragon says he should be here. He didnt say for sure hed come. And if he doesnt? This quote shows that both Estragon and Vladimir are both confused and uncertain about whether Godot will arrive and if they were even meant to be waiting for him today. This might show the lack of self assurance, because Vladimir and estragon arent self assured and are always uncertain of whether what they are think is right and therefore they depend on each other to help. This also relates to another theme, the theme of friendship and dependency, that both characters rely on each other and that without each other they would be hopeless. Friendship, dependency and loyalty are themes seen in the play. Even from the very beginning of the play the theme of friendship and dependency exists, on the first page Vladimir says to Estragon that he would be nothing more than a little heap of bones without him. This friendship and dependency can be seen again when Estragon cannot take off his boot without Vladimir offering his help. During act one on page 32 Estragon tries to wipe Luckeys tears off his cheek but instead lucky kicks him. When Estragon whelps in pain and says I cant walk, Vladimir offers to carry him. This illustrates the friendship and loyalty that Vladimir and Estragon have towards each other. The theme of Loyalty cannot only be seen through Vladimir and estragon, but can also be seen through the relationship between Lucky and Pozzo. Again on page 32 when Vladimir asks you want to get rid of him? Pozzo replies I do. Despite Pozzo allowing Lucky to depart, Lucky is reluctant to; this shows the loyalty that Lucky had gained throughout the years that he has been with Pozzo. Another theme that appears within the dramatic works of Beckett is the theme of ambiguity. Ambiguity can be seen within the play Waiting for Godot in the way lines are being said. The language that the characters use is very unclear and allows different ways of thinking. An example of this is on page 29 when Pozzo places the pipe in his mouth and says, The second is never as sweetas the first, I mean. But its sweet just the same. This quote struck me as being ambiguous because he first states that the pipe isnt as sweet as the second but then says its sweet just the same. I feel that Beckett might have used ambiguity to give the reader or audience the chance to see two different sides to the scene or dialogue. This is usually done using black humor, which allows the audience to both laugh and be serious at the same time. Both black humor and comedy can be seen within the play. Black humor and comedy is humor generated through topics that are considered to be taboo or laughter that is created from someone elses pain and suffering. On page 12 while Estragon is struggling with his boot Vladimir asks It hurts? and Estragon answers Hurts! He wants to know if it hurts!. This shows the use of black humor because at this point everyone in the audience would be laughing at Estragons hardship but at the same time wondering if it is right to be laughing. I think the Beckett might have used black humor to teach us a lesson. By using black humor Beckett allows the audience to laugh at others pain, but at the same time while laughing the audience is wondering why they are laughing and is it right to be laughing at someone elses suffering. The literature technique of mirrors is used within the play, many critics have wondered if Godot was meant to be God, this is because we never find out who Godot is. A quote that supports this case can be seen on page 19 when Estragon and Vladimir are talking about Godot coming and then they mention that they are waiting for him because its A kind of prayer and a vague supplication. This could be perceived as Estragon and Vladimir asking God for advice or praying for Gods help. From the mirror of Godot we could say that Estragon and Vladimir can be seen as the two thieves that were crucified beside Christ. A quote that supports this can be seen in act 1 on page 14 when Vladimir begins to tell the story Our Savior. Two thieves. One is supposed to have been saved and the other one damned. This quote could be interpreted as Estragon and Vladimir being the two thieves. I suspect that Beckett might have used mirrors to give meaning to the plot and shed some light on what is happening. If you imagine it as the two thieves asking and waiting God to come and forgive them and set them free. Through the use of various literature techniques such as mirrors, black humor and comedy, the reader can successfully reflect back on the issues and themes that are discussed and portrayed in this play. In conclusion, Beckett uses these techniques and themes to create meaning and shed some light on the gloomy and confusing plot. This then entices the reader and audience to continue to watch or read and allows them to think much more about what they have just witnessed.

Kepler :: essays research papers

Kepler   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as people who are well versed in just about every aspect of life, Johannes Kepler was one of the great few. Unlike many of the great thinkers of his era, he was not skeptical about writing down his findings in his correspondence and, in turn getting them published so he would receive full credit for his ideas. At the time of Kepler there were no scientific journals that he could post his findings on. His work in developing the Planetary Laws of Motion supercede all findings in celestial mechanics. This is not to mention that the man is credited with originating the word satellite as well as several firsts in the field of optics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Johannes Kepler was born in Weil der Stadt, Wuttenberg on the 27th of December 1571. Wurttenberg was then part of the Holy Roman Empire, but now its borders lie in present day Germany. He died November 15th, 1630 in Regensburg which also currently lies in Germany. Kepler was the first child born to a mercenary soldier and the daughter of an innkeeper.# The very same inn that Johannes stayed for much of his childhood after the age of five when his father left the family to fight in the Netherlands. Kepler’s early work at a nearby seminary got him enough recognition to honor a scholarship to the University of Tubingen.1 It was there that he was first introduced to the ideas of Copernicus, which he seemed to take a strong liking to right away. In one of his first published works while earning his way as a Mathematics teacher in Graz he was the first to defend Copernicus and his Copernican system. The theory that the planets revolve around the sun not the Earth was still being refuted by some of the more prominent thinkers of the time. His school was undoubtedly Lutheran, which also was the religion of his family so the connection was strong. He held fast to the Augsburg Confession of Lutheranism, but refused to sign the Formula of Concord because of his disagreement with some of the values listed in it.# This did not sit well with those in authority and Kepler was excluded from the sacrament in the Lutheran Church. He also refused to convert to Catholicism during this time which left him no side to take in the Thirty-Years War. This did not deter him from his faith and belief in God.

Dunnes Store Organisational Structure

Dunnes Stores is an Irish, family owned, mass market retailer in the grocery and textiles and the company ethos has been based on the principles of very competitive pricing, good quality products and choice. These principles are encapsulated in the words ‘Better Value' for which Dunnes Stores has become famous.Structure of StoresAll Buying & Support functions are located in Dunnes Stores Head Office, based in Dublin City Centre. Head Office currently employs approximately 520 people. Head Office management visit stores regularly to ensure that issues are resolved as quickly as possible and to share ideas and opinions. The Head Office departments break down into 4 main areas:†¢Grocery Buying – dealing with products ranging from Tissues to TVs. We have Buyers and support positions in Beverages, Confectionary, Wine, Dry Grocery, Dairy, Bakery, Frozen Food, Non Food, Convenience, Fresh Meat & Poultry and Fresh Produce. †¢Textiles Buying – dealing with produc ts ranging from Socks to Sofas. They have Buyers and support positions in Ladieswear, Homewares, Menswear, Childrenswear, Footwear, Lingerie & Hosiery and Accessories (see our Day in the Life section).†¢Operations – This is a section dealing with all operational matters, including Operations Development, Grocery Operations, Textiles Operations, Operations Finance, Food Hygiene, Security & Loss Prevention, Health & Safety, Catering and Merchandising. They ensure that the stores are performing as they should be and that there is nothing which prevents a store from operating to the highest level for service and standards. †¢Finance & Accounts – This is where they keep number crunchers, in departments such as Financial Accounts, Management Accounts, Grocery Accounts, Drapery Accounts, Overheads, Insurance, Purchasing, Treasury, Shipping, Trade, Salaries, Wages, Central Payment, Figures and MIS. They also employ specialists in the following areas:-†¢Store Dev elopment †¢Human Resources †¢Business Systems †¢MarketingAs you can see Head Office consists of a lot of different departments! Within each department there are sub departments and within each sub department there are a lot of different types of positions at all different levels. This all means that there are lots of opportunities and great career prospects for people across a broad range of disciplines and backgrounds.In 1943 Bernard â€Å"Ben† Dunne opened his first store, a drapers shop, in Cork, Ireland and by 1944, the first store bearing the Dunnes name opens. Now family-owned Dunnes Stores Ltd remains an Irish tradition, with nearly 125 department stores, combining groceries, home furnishings, and clothing, throughout Ireland, Northern Ireland, England and Scotland, and Spain. Ireland is the core of the company's operations, with 89 stores, and the company has expanded strongly into the Northern Ireland market, with 23 stores. The company's 11 stores in England and Scotland are textile-only stores, but its four stores in Spain are modeled after its traditional Irish department stores. In addition, Dunnes has begun a drive into the convenience store market, converting one of its sites to a smaller â€Å"American-style† format.The intensely private company, which has long held the slogan of â€Å"Better Value† and which has long shunned the media spotlight, has also registered a subsidiary (sister company), called Better Value Conveniently Yours Ltd., suggesting its intention to expand further into the convenience store market, under the Conveniently Yours name. Dunnes remains controlled by the founding Dunne family, with the founder's daughter Margaret Heffernan acting as CEO since the early 1990s. Under Heffernan's leadership, the company has shifted away from its deep-discount roots to position itself as a mid-priced market retailer. The company is purported to be grooming the next generation to take over the company , with Heffernan's daughter Anne tipped as her mother's successor. Dunnes remains committed to its status as a private, independent company.Principal Competitors: Tesco Plc; Musgrave Group Plc; Roches Stores Ireland Ltd.; Arnotts Plc; Brown Thomas Group Ltd.ROLES IN DUNNES STORES15,000 people operate throughout the Dunnes Stores Group within a vast array of different and diverse positions. Buying and Selling is clearly the backbone of any retailer, and in Dunnes Stores it is no different. However they also employ many people within numerous different support functions both within Stores as well as within Head Office. Positions include Human Resources, Finance & Accounting, Customer Care, Information Technology, Marketing, Store Development, and Operations – to name but a few!The Company is still family-owned and the family members are still very active in the day to day running of the Company. Their commitment and drive is critical in ensuring the winning momentum continues a nd that critical business decisions are made in a timely manner. These decisions filter through the Company and are enacted extremely quickly.EXAMPLES OF SOME ROLES IN DUNNES STORESSales AssistantsThe Sales Assistants are critical in ensuring that customer demands and expectations are met. They assist throughout the day (and sometimes throughout the night) in ensuring that products are replenished and re-merchandised to a high standard. They are the face of the Company and meet and greet customers on a daily basis, offering them high quality service through the appropriate training and support.Many of today’s Store Managers started their careers as Sales Assistants, either straight out of school or working part-time whilst at college.Retail ManagersThere are managers operating in areas such as Grocery, Dairy/Frozen, Non Food, Fresh Foods, Fresh Produce, Goods Inwards, Homewares, Ladieswear, Childrenswear, Menswear, Security, Human Resources, Checkouts, Food Safety as well as within their Timepiece Restaurants. These are fast paced and challenging roles, where the main objectives are to maximise Customer Service, Sales and Standards. A Manager in Dunnes Stores would drive productivity within the team and look for opportunities where standards can be improved and where positive results can be maximised.Store ManagersStore managers are responsible for delegating tasks / duties and driving productivity and satisfaction amongst their team (which can now incorporate up to 700 people). Duties include controlling overheads, maximising sales performance on every product, controlling stock loss and wastage, ensuring the best results from company audits and making sure that your yearly targets are reached and exceeded.The beauty of Dunnes Stores is that each store is operated like a mini business on its own – and store managers are the one in the driving seat. When I say ‘mini-business’ but it may well be a business responsible for millions of Euro a week!!Store Managers have to adhere to the Company policies and procedures but they can also open the door each day to their own agenda.

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Abstract Mental Health Paraprofessionals (MHPP) will work with the client and family on behavioral issues that occur in the home, school, and community. The MHPP serves on the treatment team and assists professional staff with the execution of the treatment plan. They also assist with securing community services that might be available to the client and the client's family. The purpose of intensive Mental Health Paraprofessional Intervention is to enable the client to be maintained in the most normalized, least restrictive setting as possible, and to prevent unnecessary, inappropriate institutionalization.This paper discusses an overview paraprofessionals, the impact the paraprofessionals have on the field, the challenges that organizations are faced, and how to manage with the implemented changes. Future Trends in Crisis Intervention As the population in the United States continues to climb the need for human services professionals does the same. Human service agencies are often face the dilemmas of being over-worked and under paid. Professionals in this field are often prone to burnout because of these dilemmas. Sadly, human service agencies are often the first to experience budget cuts.These budget cuts affect the human service professional’s organization, facility, coworkers, pay, clients, and their personal moral. Leading officials of many human service organizations are noticing the affects of these dilemmas and are trying proactive approaches in solving the epidemics. As a result, the paraprofessional is becoming increasingly popular as the organization can fill the much needed worker positions and assist in alleviating clinician case load. This paper discusses the impact of this trend on the human services field and how the trend will impact the practice of crisis intervention in the future.The challenges faced as a result of the impact, and how the worker can proactively deal with this expanding trend is also covered. It is vital for these services to keep up with the demand and save as much of the valuable budget money. The Paraprofessional Counseling paraprofessionals are bachelor's level graduates whom have completed a course in order to become certified as a paraprofessional. Paraprofessionals generally work in mental health centers, crisis units, day treatment programs and group homes.Generally they provide direct care to patients, where as a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist offer more specified trained services. Treatment centers will employ support staff to work directly with their patients; counseling center paraprofessionals (CCP) are distinctly different from other support staff (Barrios & Perlas, 2010). They hold a certification in working with the mentally ill and a bachelor's degree while certified counseling technicians (CCT) have a similar certification, but hold a high school diploma instead of a bachelor's degree (Barrios & Perlas, 2010).Some treatment ce nters will also hire direct service professionals that do not have CCP or CCT certifications, but generally, those whom hold a certification are in higher demand and are more employable. Contact of a Paraprofessional The main purpose of a CCP is to interact directly with patients in their care; this may involve setting and enforcing rules on unit, organizing daily activities, and helping with chores or other similar duties.According to Christine Wyman (2012), â€Å"They often have more contact with clients that much of the other staff, including doctors, psychologists, and therapists, as the CCP is usually in charge of the client's day to day activities. † Though the CCP performs less specialized work, they often have the most insight into individual clients. Because of the constant contact they are an invaluable member of the treatment team. With how often CCP’s get to observe patients on a daily basis they are able to pick up on behavior patterns that other staff may not see.They are also able to see how various treatments affect a patient in their daily lives. Some CCPs are designated to work one on one with a single client. A CCP in this role is often assigned as such because a client has a particular need. â€Å"Such needs could include but are not limited to helping a client with severe cognitive or physical limitations, watching a client whom is a danger to himself or others or working with a client whose treatment goals involve intensive one on one work† (Wyman, 2012). ImpactThere are many ways that the use of counseling center paraprofessionals can benefit the organization. One of the many benefits of the paraprofessional in the human service career field could be that they require less training than typical clinician or other human service professional. That way the CCP is able to become certified and begin work in a much shorter time frame then someone who is going through all the required schooling and testing to become a licen sed professional. Another aspect deals with the lesser amount of pay therefore saving the organization money.With the way budgets are being cut it is important to stretch every dollar as much as possible. â€Å"Someone without the education or licensure will not be able to do as much as a professional and therefore require less pay therefore saving money for other areas it is needed† (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). Since CCP’s spend a great deal of time with the patients they serve as valuable member of the treatment team in helping diagnose issues and observe if prescribed treatments are working. With the CCP’s doing this then that opens up the professionals to work with more clients on a one on one basis.Challenges Paraprofessionals in the human services field can be considered both an important asset and a nuisance to the clinicians and the clients served. With all the good that a paraprofessional brings the position also has some negatives. During this tumultu ous economy, districts find themselves entertaining a variety of solutions as a means of tackling severe budget reductions, and colleges are faced with the impossible task of providing quality student services without adequate resources.As a result, paraprofessionals may have absorbed additional duties previously performed by a robust counseling department. Also the CCP’s can be improperly trained or supervised. Because of these two occurrences the care provided can suffer. When people are overworked they are more likely to suffer from burnout. In this case the lack of CCP’s can cause burnout on behalf of the professionals and if the CCP’s are doing more than they should they can become burnt out. Managing Paraprofessional responsibilities should not extend beyond information dissemination.When the duties expand into goal setting, planning or decision making, the paraprofessional has overstepped his/her professional boundaries. It is recommended that paraprofess ional roles and duties be assessed to ensure that paraprofessionals do not extend beyond their primary job description (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). If paraprofessionals are utilized, proper training and supervision are imperative. Both training and supervision should be conducted with counselors taking an active role in both.Training methods could include individual one-on-one trainings, small group trainings, or an in-service training to the greater college community in order to differentiate the goals and responsibilities between counselors and paraprofessionals. Trainings and supervision should include clearly defined responsibilities and a counselor referral process. Identification badges, that include name and position, should be provided along with ethical and confidentiality regulations. Closing Crisis Intervention Counseling plays an important role and benefits many people in their time of need.With the direction of society and the numerous budget cuts that are implemented each year, the affected organizations that provide these services must find the best way to survive. In hiring counseling center paraprofessionals the group takes some of the pressure off of the professionals and spread the work out more evenly. This move also saves the organization money on a tight budget. There are many issues that face the human service field and counseling in the future but one major is the funding. CCP’s can do a lot to solve this issue now and in the future as budgets for these services get cut even more.

Free Essays on Ficciones

Uqbar, Tlon, Orbis Tertius Deception is the central idea of this piece. Had the doubtful quote of â€Å"mirrors and copulation are abominable for they multiply the number of mankind† been said by Bioy Casares, the quest to seek the truth of Uqbar would have never existed. This and many other mirror imagery throughout the piece contributes to the deception of reality topic symbolically. â€Å"Mirror troubled the far end of a hallway† because it creates an illusion that the hallway is twice as long as it should be. Deception causes the obscurity of truth- thus the truth that we seek might not be trust worthy. Therefore in attempt to do away with the deception caused by science, the Tlonians â€Å"presuppose idealism† by seeking â€Å"not truth, or even plausibility† only an enlightenment toward an ideally monistic universe. Yet to an even greater degree, the speaker realizes as he describes in the Postscript the creation of Tlon was a deception in itself. The nihilistic Ezra Buckley a ttempts to â€Å"deceive† God by theoretically playing God in the creation of Tlon- Buckley envisions that â€Å"mortals could conceive and shape a world†. Ultimately, the world of Tlon replaces the world as we know it because â€Å"reality ‘caved in’† in the face of the nonexistent deception of truth known as Tlon. Approach to Al-Mu’tasim Borges continues to explore the idea of monism in this piece, but more specifically toward the monism of religion and spirituality. The piece is a â€Å"commentary† of a nonexistent mystery story which explores the religious strife of India- to an extent spiritual and religious strife of the world. The protagonist began his quest after â€Å"he reflects that he has shown himself capable of killing an idolater, yet incapable of knowing†¦whether the Muslim possesses more of truth than the [Hindu] does.† The novel ends with encounter of the protagonist and his quest: Al-Mu’tasim. The ultimate result is the realizat... Free Essays on Ficciones Free Essays on Ficciones Uqbar, Tlon, Orbis Tertius Deception is the central idea of this piece. Had the doubtful quote of â€Å"mirrors and copulation are abominable for they multiply the number of mankind† been said by Bioy Casares, the quest to seek the truth of Uqbar would have never existed. This and many other mirror imagery throughout the piece contributes to the deception of reality topic symbolically. â€Å"Mirror troubled the far end of a hallway† because it creates an illusion that the hallway is twice as long as it should be. Deception causes the obscurity of truth- thus the truth that we seek might not be trust worthy. Therefore in attempt to do away with the deception caused by science, the Tlonians â€Å"presuppose idealism† by seeking â€Å"not truth, or even plausibility† only an enlightenment toward an ideally monistic universe. Yet to an even greater degree, the speaker realizes as he describes in the Postscript the creation of Tlon was a deception in itself. The nihilistic Ezra Buckley a ttempts to â€Å"deceive† God by theoretically playing God in the creation of Tlon- Buckley envisions that â€Å"mortals could conceive and shape a world†. Ultimately, the world of Tlon replaces the world as we know it because â€Å"reality ‘caved in’† in the face of the nonexistent deception of truth known as Tlon. Approach to Al-Mu’tasim Borges continues to explore the idea of monism in this piece, but more specifically toward the monism of religion and spirituality. The piece is a â€Å"commentary† of a nonexistent mystery story which explores the religious strife of India- to an extent spiritual and religious strife of the world. The protagonist began his quest after â€Å"he reflects that he has shown himself capable of killing an idolater, yet incapable of knowing†¦whether the Muslim possesses more of truth than the [Hindu] does.† The novel ends with encounter of the protagonist and his quest: Al-Mu’tasim. The ultimate result is the realizat...

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald

Biography of F. Scott Fitzgerald F. Scott Fitzgerald, born Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald (September 24, 1896 – December 21, 1940) was an American author whose works became synonymous with the Jazz Age. He moved in the major artistic circles of his day but failed to garner widespread critical acclaim until after his death at the age of 44. Fast Facts: F. Scott Fitzgerald Full Name: Francis Scott Key FitzgeraldKnown For:  American authorBorn:  September 24, 1896 in St. Paul, MinnesotaDied:  December 21, 1940 in Hollywood, CaliforniaSpouse:  Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald (m. 1920-1940)Children:  Frances Scottie Fitzgerald (b. 1921)Education: Princeton UniversityNotable Works: This Side of Paradise, The Great Gatsby, Tender Is the Night, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button Early Life F. Scott Fitzgerald was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, to a well-off upper-middle-class family. His parents were Edward Fitzgerald, a former Marylander who moved north after the Civil War, and Molly Fitzgerald, the daughter of an Irish immigrant who made a fortune in the grocery industry. Fitzgerald was named after his distant cousin, Francis Scott Key, who famously wrote â€Å"The Star-Spangled Banner.† Only a few months before his birth, two of his sisters died suddenly. The family did not spend his early life in Minnesota, however. Edward Fitzgerald worked mostly for Proctor and Gamble, so the Fitzgeralds spent most of their time living in upstate New York and in West Virginia, following Edward’s job demands. Nevertheless, the family lived quite comfortably, thanks to a wealthy aunt and Molly’s inheritance from her own rich family. Fitzgerald was sent to Catholic schools and proved to be a bright student with a particular interest in literature. In 1908, Edward Fitzgerald lost his job and the family returned to Minnesota. When F. Scott Fitzgerald was 15 he was sent away from home to attend a prestigious Catholic prep school, the Newman School, in New Jersey. College, Romances, and Military Life After graduating from Newman in 1913, Fitzgerald decided to stay in New Jersey to continue working on his writing, rather than returning to Minnesota. He attended Princeton and became heavily involved with the literary scene on campus, writing for several publications and even joining a theatre troupe, the Princeton Triangle Club. During a visit back to St. Paul in 1915, Fitzgerald met Ginevra King, a debutante from Chicago, and they began a two-year romance. They conducted their romance mostly through letters, and she was reportedly the inspiration for some of his most iconic characters, including The Great Gatsby’s Daisy Buchanan. In 1917, their relationship ended, but Fitzgerald kept the letters she’d written to him; after his death, his daughter sent them to King, who kept them and never showed them to anyone. F. Scott Fitzgerald in his military uniform in 1918; he never saw action in the war.   Time Life Pictures / Getty Images Fitzgerald’s writing-related activities took up the bulk of his time, which meant he neglected his actual studies to the point of being on academic probation. In 1917, he officially dropped out of Princeton and joined the Army instead, as the U.S. was just joining World War I. He was stationed under the command of Dwight D. Eisenhower, whom he despised, and feared that he would die in the war without ever having become a published author. The war ended in 1918, before Fitzgerald was ever actually deployed overseas. New York and Europe in the Jazz Age While stationed in Alabama, Fitzgerald met Zelda Sayre, the daughter of a state Supreme Court justice and a Montgomery socialite. They fell in love and became engaged, but she broke it off, worried that he would be unable to support them financially. Fitzgerald revised his first novel, which became This Side of Paradise; it sold in 1919 and was published in 1920, becoming a quick success. As a direct result, he and Zelda were able to resume their engagement and were married that same year in New York City at St. Patrick’s Cathedral. Their only daughter, Frances Scott Fitzgerald (known as â€Å"Scottie†) was born in October 1921. The Fitzgeralds became staples of New York society, as well as the American expatriate community in Paris. Fitzgerald formed a close friendship with Ernest Hemingway, but they came into conflict over the subject of Zelda, who Hemingway openly hated and believed was holding Fitzgerald’s career back. During this time, Fitzgerald supplemented his income by writing short stories, since only his first novel was a financial success during his lifetime. He wrote The Great Gatsby in 1925, but although it’s regarded as his masterpiece now, it was not a success until after his death. Much of his writing was tied to the â€Å"Lost Generation,† a phrase coined to describe the disillusionment in post-WWI years and often associated with the group of expatriate artists with which Fitzgerald mingled. Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald, circa 1921. Time Life Pictures / Getty Images   In 1926, Fitzgerald had his first movie offer: to write a flapper comedy for the United Artists studio. The Fitzgeralds moved to Hollywood, but after Fitzgerald’s affair with actress Lois Moran, their marital difficulties necessitated a move back to New York. There, Fitzgerald began working on a fourth novel, but his heavy drinking, financial difficulties, and Zelda’s declining physical and mental health got in the way. By 1930, Zelda was suffering from schizophrenia, and Fitzgerald had her hospitalized in 1932. When she published her own semi-autobiographical novel, Save Me the Waltz, in 1932, Fitzgerald was furious, insisting that their lives together were â€Å"material† that only he could write about; he even managed to get edits made to her manuscript before publication. Later Years and Death In 1937, after Zelda’s final hospitalization, Fitzgerald found himself financially unable to decline an offer from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to move to Hollywood and write exclusively for their studio. During that time, he had a high-profile live-in affair with gossip columnist Sheilah Graham, and he wrote a series of short stories mocking himself as a Hollywood hack. His hard living began to catch up with him, as he had been an alcoholic for decades. Fitzgerald claimed to suffer from tuberculosis–which he very well may have–and he suffered at least one heart attack by the end of the 1930s. On December 21, 1940, Fitzgerald suffered another heart attack at his home with Graham. He died almost instantly, aged 44. His body was taken back to Maryland for a private funeral. Since he was no longer a practicing Catholic, the Church refused to allow him a burial in the Catholic cemetery; he was instead interred at Rockville Union Cemetery. Zelda died eight years later, in a fire at the asylum where she was living, and she was buried next to him. They remained there until 1975, when their daughter Scottie successfully petitioned to have their remains moved to the family plot at the Catholic cemetery. Legacy Fitzgerald left behind an unfinished novel, The Last Tycoon, as well as a prolific output of short stories and four completed novels. In the years after his death, his work became more praised and more popular than it ever was during his life, especially The Great Gatsby. Today, he’s regarded as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century. Sources Bruccoli, Matthew Joseph. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.Curnutt, Kirk, ed. A Historical Guide to F. Scott Fitzgerald. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

No Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

No - Essay Example However, with very few EV cars, the switching cost is relatively low since there are not EV car producers in the world. Better Place also included product differentiation in its endeavours. In the car industry, normally there are numerous cars that are similar. For instance, someone can easily locate a very similar Nissan, Toyota, Mazda or Honda. Nevertheless, if they are looking at amphibious vehicles, then Better Place faces little threat of substitute products or services, which can be considered an extreme example (Etzion & Struben, 2011). Bargaining Power of Customers There are primarily two types of markets that Better Place competes in; the market for outputs, in which the firm sells its products to consumers and the market for inputs, in which the firm buys components, raw materials and financial, as well as labour services (Etzion & Struben, 2011). These transactions establish value for both sellers and buyers in both markets. With regards to the output markets, Better Place experiences the bargaining power of customers whereas, in the input markets, the company experiences the bargaining power of its suppliers. This bargaining power of customers explains how tough the client’s attitude, as well as their position is (Etzion & Struben, 2011). Bargaining Power of Suppliers Suppliers can put to practice their bargaining power through increases prices or dropping the quality of products. Materials such as raw materials or labour are vital to Better Place’s existence (Etzion & Struben, 2011). Therefore, Better Place has developed a dependant relationship with its suppliers. However, such suppliers can take more Better Place’s likely industry potential value if they are more powerful. This can make Better Place’s profitability drop if they cannot transfer the greater costs incurred to their clients. Such suppliers seem to be more powerful because Better Place is a single company. However, if Better Place was composed of a number o f firms, then the suppliers would be less powerful (Etzion & Struben, 2011). Intensity of Competitive Rivalry In the world EV market, the number of developed competitors is over 50, but Better Place is the first of its kind in Israel. Nevertheless, since diverse firm’s product ranges, product positioning, as well as target consumer groups, are fairly diverse and the volume of EVs that are launched are limited, in comparison with the traditional automotive industry, the competitive strength of EV in Israel is fairly low (Etzion & Struben, 2011). However, established competitors around the world can be split into four clusters according to their capital scale, production capacity, product ranger, as well as operation pattern. They can also be large firms or small firms according to their capital size (Etzion & Struben, 2011). Scenario Planning Better Place’s business models could be simply summarised as they buy car batteries, as well as electricity and offer miles, on t he other hand (Etzion & Struben

A Reflection and Evaluation to Personal and Organizational Business Research Paper

A Reflection and Evaluation to Personal and Organizational Business Ethics - Research Paper Example Corporate organizations, or any professional organization for that matter, will always have to reach a point when improvement is needed or that the need for change should be addressed. Such scenarios happen within an organization, whether minor adjustments in policies or complete organization structure overhauls, are usually necessary so that operations or activities can progress accordingly. However, the central issue really of organizational development is all about the welfare of the individuals working within the organization, and the manner which their abilities and performance in reaching the organization’s objectives are achieved. Also taken into great consideration are the effects of the business activities to the public constituents. Many relevant issues are put into inquiry. This matter would be called as business ethics. The definition of business ethics varies greatly, but it is perhaps best described by Velazquez as â€Å"a specialized study of moral right and wrong. It concentrates on moral standards as they apply to business policies, institutions and behavior†. As changes in the economic and social environment, how should an organization’s culture and practices deal with the nature of change? If being given the mantle of leadership the head manager of a corporate organization, how would I set the standards, vision, mission and methods needed to develop a business entity that is fair, just, and balanced between profit and principles, and also maintaining integrity? This would be elaborated further on. Before everything, I must understand what are my personal ethics and standards, and try to form them as the organization’s mission and vision as well. My personal code of ethics for this company revolves around the concept care. The concept of care is usually taken into a typically altruistic point of view. The concept of care ethics tells that â€Å"we have an obligation to exercise special care toward particular persons with whom we have valuable close relationships, particularly relations of dependency† (Velazquez, 2006, p.125). Hence, my personal principle with regard to business ethics, in both the personal and organizational aspect, is that the treatment given and practiced between everyone involved in the organization is compassion and kindness. My personal mission statement encapsulates this ideal in the form of â€Å"care and share.† As a manager, I would consider developing a mission and vision statement that would encapsulate the principled ideals that I have for the company. In having a clear mission and vision, as well as having room for flexible and achievable room to adapt along the way, individuals who are part of the company will also have a clear understanding of their purpose within the organization. Mikush and Philbin (1999) point this out precisely: In effective organizations, the vision, values and mission derive from the convictions of

The Home Depot SWOT Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Home Depot SWOT Analysis - Article Example This paper seeks to do a SWOT analysis of this giant specialty retailer by evaluating its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in order to make suggestions on how to keep the company growing and profitable. Home Depot has ensured continued success and lead in the home improvement industry due to various strengths which include: The home depot’s continued growth is as a result of continuously renewing and working on its culture aimed at producing good products, sustaining its employees and customers thus effectively maintaining its competitive edge in the retail industry. The Home Depot culture is focused on taking care of its employees by paying those modest wages and benefits, providing them with excellent and superior training and granting them opportunities for advancement. The employees are regarded as the most important people after the customers due to their role in interfacing with the customers (Marcus and Blank, 271) Home depot also provides their customers with value, loyalty and low pricing. Through the company’s focus in customer satisfaction, the company’s NPS, (Net Promoter Scores) has improved significantly allowing it to wrest a further market share from rival companies. Home Depot’s success is also attributed to its ability to form alliances with strategic partners. Through its partnerships with the industry’s leading manufactures it is able to deliver exclusive and innovative assortments such as to do-it-yourselfers and professional contractors alike, with combination of other brands like LG appliances. Home depot’s continued upgrading of its computerized systems and implementation of satellite communication increased its operational efficiency. This was evident as significant reduction in operational costs were realized thus supporting the overall growth of the company and better

The Importance Of Storytelling

The Importance Of Storytelling In her insightful essay on the tradition of Pueblo Indian storytelling Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective Leslie Silko displays the huge role that stories play in the life of the ethnic group she originates from, she reveals the importance of storytelling for her family, ancestors, neighbors, closest friends and personally herself. In spite of the title that draws our attention to the concepts of language and literature, the main and central issue of her essay, which first appeared as a speech for delivering before the audience, is story proper. Story is not a thing to be told at certain moments in certain circumstances, if we deal with the lifestyle of Pueblo Indians. The whole life of those people is saturated with the multitude of stories and stories-within-stories. A Pueblo Indian, from his/her very birth on, hears and listens to the stories, then, growing up, begins narrating them him/herself, and in such a way all his/her life is accompanied by this vivid tradition. Thus, storytelling may be thought of as a texture of their life, for, on the one hand, the entire world and reality are perceived in the light of stories, and, on the other hand, all the collective and individual experience of the Pueblos is transformed into stories and then orally passed on to the following generations. This custom is more than just an equivalent of folklore in European or Asian traditions. Leslie Silko emphasizes that a written speech or statement is highly suspect among her people as it does not allow sharing the feelings appropriately. Mere graphical symbols are not able to express all the copiousness of human experience, but an oral word is. At first sight, it seems somewhat odd for a person reared in European tradition, but if we look back at such ancient celebrities as Socrates who also rejected the written word as contributing to the deterioration of our memory, it becomes not so alien for us as well, although the following epochs established the importance and even the preferable credibility of what is written or typed. The same may be said about the Jewish tradition, its pre-Talmudic period when Torah she be-al-pe  [1]  was prohibited from being put down; the same is about early Christian tradition when Gospels were merely told by one person to another; the Vedic period of the Hindus when their sacred texts were recited orally and were not fixed in written form. There could be found much more parallels to the phenomenon of Pueblo story telling in the history of other ethnic groups and civilization. Leslie Silko goes on and says that, for the Pueblos, language is story (Silko 49). It is most clearly illustrated by the fact that many words in the Pueblo Indian language have their own stories. When a story is told, the teller often goes into the stories of words, and thusly a phenomenon of stories-within-stories emerges. The story becomes a web that is woven in all directions, which is contrary to the convention of linear step by step narrating in European tradition. Language is story, story is language that dialectic unity of Pueblo weltanschauung determines the structure and content of their stories and the essay devoted to them in particular. The basis of any nations, ethnicitys mentality lies in their cosmogonic and theogonic myths, which constitute their collective unconscious, the latter predetermines the style of thinking, living, and interacting of a certain nation. The Pueblo Indians are not an exception here, and the author introduces the Creation story for us to understand the peculiarities of Pueblo perception of the universe. The story is significant both for its parallels and discrepancies with the Biblical creation story; moreover, the latter are more numerous and are worth being mentioned first. The world was created by Thought Woman Tseitsinako thinking of her sisters and, together with her sisters, she thought of everything that is and there appeared the world. Thus, everything that is immanent in our world is a part of the whole; every element, every constituent of the reality belongs to this whole. The humans are also an inseparable element of the universe and belong to this universal entity. Contrary to the Bible where the world emerges as a result of Gods word, or Logos (Genesis 1, 3; John 1, 1-3), the universe appeared through the thought of the goddess and her sisters, the tight link of humans to the nature are also more apparent in Pueblo Creation story. In the Bible, people are created and let in the Garden of Eden directly by God, in the Pueblo tradition they come into the world due to th e hard efforts of the animals Antelope and Badger. Such a world outlook determines the monistic perception of the reality, it influences both the language and the storytelling of the Pueblo people. Stories are the part of their everyday life, they are multidimensional, web-like, organized in a complex structure that stretches far beyond chronological or formal logical framework. There are many repetitions, characteristic of the oral speech, digressions, stories-within-stories etc that make their stories a multilayer texture. There are no separate stories in Pueblo folklore each story is a part of some more general or fundamental story, and the latter in turn constitutes larger stories, so that the whole Pueblo traditional and even modern everyday discourse is one big story with a huge number of smaller and infinitesimal subdivisions. The stories are always bringing us together, keeping this whole together, keeping this family together, keeping this clan together tells us Leslie Silko. The destination of story is thus to preserve the wholeness of the universe. The author gives us three illustrations, three stories that are still being told and re-told until nowadays. The first one relates about a young man who lost his new Volkswagen and felt very bad about it. The structure of the story may be defined as the threefold one: 1) the guy earns money, purchases the car and drives it; then 2) it falls into the ravine and is broken to pieces; 3) there come his friends and relatives trying to offer him consolation. What do they do in particular? They tell stories about the people who also lost their cars in the ravine, moreover, many of them lost their children and parents when their cars were going down into the arroyo. The third part of the story is an essential element of Pueblo storytelling. Those stories join the guys life experience to those of the other people, and when put into that context, his loss is (or seems) not so great, he turns out to be relatively lucky, because he shunned the danger of losing his own and his relatives lives. The stories of the friends and neighbors turn grief into consolation, desperation into hope, loneliness into amiable support. Finally, that guys experience joins the common discourse of people whose cars fell into the arroyo, that guy consequently joins those people, he is not alone and that is the greatest consolation possible in such circumstances. The second story about a girl who drowned herself in Kawaik Lake is more dramatic. There can be also distinguished three parts: 1) girls request to her mother to cook her yashtoah, the conditions her mother announces; 2) girls decision to get drowned; 3) carrying out her decision and her mothers return home. The core part of the story seems to be the second one, for it shows the transformations in the girls decisions and intentions. There are also stories-within-stories here, and certain periods and details are highly repetitive, they are yashtoah, Im going to Kawaik and jump into the lake there and similar phrases. The girl tells the old man about her quarrel with her mother and her suicidal decision, the man, in turn, goes to her mother and tells her what her daughter is about to do. These stories are so intertwined and interwoven, so organically situated in the context, that it is problematic to take them out of there. The story is more or less organized in a chronological order, the sequence of events is not interrupted but attention should be paid to the fact that this story was heard by the author of the essay in a modernized version from her aunt. It is a vivid argument that traditions, and Pueblo storytelling in particular, possess a dichotomic nature on the one hand, they pass the ancient experience of the ancestors on to modern generation, on the other hand, they include the present experience of the people and add them to the common stock of Pueblo history. So, the previous, present and future generations are not separated, they are connected by a strong link of storytelling, which preserves the past and provides space for the future. What is more, this story explains why the butterflies are so beautiful and multicolored. The story of a girl is tightly connected to the biological diversity in the animal world. The third story happens in modern time, but it is nevertheless organized according to the existing pattern of Pueblo storytelling tradition numerous repetitions, associations, reminiscences, stories-within-story etc. The woman goes into details of the troubles of her life loss of husband and mother, hardships of employment etc but it ends with a glimmer of hope, she meets with her aunt and grandfather, the latter gives her a very dear present a silver 1907 dollar, which shocks every member of their family. Later, as she writes, I kept it for a long time because I guess I wanted to have it to remember when I left my home country. The silver dollar presented by her poor grandfather became a material token of her warm memory of her family, childhood and homeland. Thus, the storytelling does not appear to be something that is done at bedtime in the life of Pueblo Indians, it is the essence of their life. Detaching oneself from the mentioned stories, and having a look at the essay as the whole, it becomes evident that the essay itself is a Pueblo story, although told to the non-Pueblo people. It incorporates the analyzed stories, it is originally oral, it is saturated with the monistic worldview and it has a fair chance to be incorporated into a larger piece of storytelling and is already the constituent of the Pueblo Indian discourse. The essay is also peculiar for being addressed to the two worlds the traditional world of the Pueblos and the modern globalized world. This essay intends to initiate and hold a dialogue between these worlds, to deepen the mutual understanding that may result in mutual enriching of the two distinct cultures. The author herself and the people she tells the stories of are inspiring examples of the success on this way of reciprocal understanding. She and the characters of the stories are integrated into modern American society, but they did not lose touch with their cultural and ancestral legacy either. Although this view is not in full accord with Paul Lorenz who states that the values of American Indian cultures have been forced to confront the alien values of European American culture (Lorenz 59). One more important aspect of the storytelling should be paid due attention to as well the unity of teller and listener. Leslie Silko emphasizes the importance of the latter a great deal of the story is believed to be inside the listener; the storytellers role is to draw the story out of the listeners (Silko 51). Ib Johansen, however, views this issue from a bit another perspective In traditional societies storyteller plays an important role; he/she is placed at the very center of the community, and his/her activities are considered as essential to the very self-awareness or sense of identity of the community (Johansen) it is the teller whom Ib Johansen places as the key figure in storytelling. Here we see a classic example of the European approach. As it occurs to me, there is not the notion of central or key role / importance in Pueblo Indian world outlook. Important are all the inhabitants and objects of the world despite their role, size, destination; all of them are of equal relevance, all are necessary, all indispensable, all divine. The monistic and pantheistic approach to life, people, phenomena and objects determines the reverent attitude towards them, on the one hand, and creates difficulties in establishing the hierarchy of values, on the other hand. It is indeed problematic to define what passage is most important in a certain story, or what relations are more preferable either personal, or tribal, or clan ones. Paul Lorenz recognizes that the fiction of Leslie Silko is the product of American Indian, rather than Western, cultural values (Lorenz 59). Indeed, the very style of her essay shares many common features with the traditional Pueblo Indian narratives. It is evident in her reference to ethnologists and anthropologists who tend to differentiate the types of stories the pueblos tell she says that the people of her ethnic group never divide the stories into classes, family stories are given equal recognition (Silko 51). A distinctive characteristic of the storytelling among this tribal group of Indians is that they attach more importance to what is said than how something is said, the content is more important than the form according to Pueblo weltanschauung. The particular language spoken isnt as important as what a speaker is trying to say, writes the author of the essay. That peculiarity is also marked by Ib Jansen when he retells case of an Eskimo woman accused of killing a storeman. Thus, the notions of myth, legend, parable, tale and the like are not quite applicable to the tradition of Pueblo storytelling, they are difficult or, even impossible, to differentiate in the context of their culture. The Creation story, Home Country story, the story of the young mans Volkswagen and the speech of Ms Silko are of equal relevance and credibility in the eyes of Native American. They do not abandon negative stories of their own families and clans; they are always trying to convey the content, essence of the story so that the expressive means retreat to the background. The cosmogonic and sacred myths are as plausible as their own experience in the context of Pueblo Indian Culture. Summing up, it is reasonable to point out that Language and Literature from a Pueblo Indian Perspective and the other works mentioned in this paper focus on the essential characteristics of Pueblo peoples storytelling tradition, they emphasize its monistic worldview, illustrate how several stories may unite into one; their language and the whole life are tightly linked to the stories and cannot be imagined without each other. Pueblo Indian storytelling tradition cannot but be recognized as a truly valuable constituent of the American and world culture.