Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy Essay - 2784 Words

Liberalism, Civic Reformism and Democracy This paper argues that liberalism provides democracy with the experience of civic reformism. Without it, democracy loses any tie-argumentative or practical-to a coherent design of public policy endeavoring to provide the resources for the realization of democratic citizenship. The case for liberalism rests on an argumentative reconstruction of the function it performs before the rise of a world economic order and, more specifically, in the creation of the welfare state after the Second World War. Accordingly, liberalism defines a reformist political program: it is an emancipatory political project by virtue of its struggle for an egalitarian and universalist extension of citizenship rights. This†¦show more content†¦For its later history, liberalism owes as much to its antecedents (situated at the rise of parliamentary assemblies and of the rule of law in the Middle Ages), as to its linkages with the republican tradition of communal self-government (from the seventeenth cent ury onwards), and with the socialist tradition in support for an egalitarian model of society (as from the eighteenth century). Indeed, it is this double tie what determines that the political history of liberalism belongs to the history of modern democracy: a representative democracy but, thereby, pluralist. The tie also explains that the economic history of liberalism cannot be separated from the birth of the welfare state. In both respects liberalism defines a reformist political program: it is an emancipatory political project by virtue of its struggle for an egalitarian and universalist extension of citizenship rights. This is but a formulation of the modern idea of citizenship, conceived of as a universalizable contract of rights. At the same time, liberalism embraces a socio-economic emancipatory project that endeavors to provide the conditions, within the institutional frame of modern societies, for the accomplishment of citizenship rights. Let us comment on this double characterization. Liberal Citizenship: A Universalizable Contract of Rights Firstly, if citizenship denotes the membership statute of individuals and social groups belonging to a political community (namely, aShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesnation-states insisted on their power to register, count, deport, and monitor the peoples within their borders. Revolutionary France is an early and iconic example of this paradoxical shift. Its constitution of 1791 guaranteed the â€Å"natural and civic right† of freedom â€Å"to move about, remain and depart.† At the same time, it is credited with the â€Å"invention of the passport,† inasmuch as this new passport was a standardized identity document issued by a central government and required of all people

Recognition of Gay and Lesbian Marriage and Pluralism Essay

Recognition of gay and lesbian marriage and pluralism Word Count: 2024 What does pluralism reveal about the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? What are the strengths and limitations of this theory in understanding the recognition of gay and lesbian marriage? Power overlaps between interest and political groups and as a result, political decision-making is reached through negotiation and compromise (Manley 1983). Indeed, when examining the progressive debate concerning the legal recognition of same-sex relationships in Australia, the perception that power is bartered through interest groups becomes highly plausible through the lens of classical pluralist theory. There are competing visions of diversity in Australia, and behind†¦show more content†¦The classical pluralist model is distinguished by its example of power being relatively dispersed and that decision-making is open to a variety of interest groups. In Australia, scholarship has settled upon what Monsma and Soper describe as ‘pragmatic pluralism’ (1997) based upon political expediency, explained by the practical character of Australian culture and in the context of same-sex marriage, an interest in giving a ‘fair-go’ (Sky News Australia 2015). T he most important predictions about same-sex marriage and politics amount to the flow-on political participation and organization of interests. This is a topic Australian people are interested in. This tenet of Dahl’s organizational pluralism urges individuals to query the conditions of rights, ritual and state recognition in Australia (Dahl 1978). In this way, classical pluralism’s strength in relation to the marriage equality topic is that it speaks to a future where diverse relationships are supported, instead of denied and shamed. Australian classical pluralist theory is a conventional corpus, and its core ideas offer one of the more relevant power analyses regarding polarized concerns for morality in the same-sex marriage debate. Political theorist, Galston, argues that there is a strong case for pluralism being the most adequate account of the moral universe mankind inhabits (1999). If this is the case, then the pendulumShow MoreRelatedA Pluralistic Balance Essay example1513 Words   |  7 PagesIn the last decade, Canadian courts have increasingly recognized gay marriages. This recognition has been long overdue as the Canadian gay community was routinely oppressed prior to this string of court rulings. This was a definite victory for Canadian democracy, seeing that a minority group has had its rights protected. Paul Martin, after having presented the Civil Marriage Act, described it as a natural and necessary evolution of minority-rights protection under the Canadian Charter of RightsRead MoreOne Significa nt Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe wharves of an expansive, global export economy. Throughout the century, advances in human rights, which were spread ever more broadly among different social groups—including women, laborers, INTRODUCTION †¢ 3 ethnic minorities, and gays—made strides that were perhaps greater than all of those achieved in previous history combined. During the same time span, however, state tyranny and brutal oppression reached once unimaginable levels—in large part due to the refinement or introduction

How to Be a Good Manager in the 21th Century Free Essays

How to be a good manager in the 21th century Nowadays, the role of a good and responsible manager gains a much greater importance than it did in previous years. These days it’s not only about meeting a financial goal. A good manager should also be a socially-minded and caring person. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Be a Good Manager in the 21th Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now Interpersonal skills should be viewed as essential as the decision-making-ability. This is significant due to the fact that the employees are the key to a successful business. A company runs as good as its team and therefore it’s necessary to show respect for the employees and encourage and challenge them. A manager should also show his team his appreciation and give every individual the impression that he understands that he is doing something important for the company. Thus, the employee’s confidence can be built. The secret of running a successful business is to make sure that the manager is a socially responsible person who has the ability to energize, excite and control and to adapt oneself to the company’s value and culture. Jack Welch, former CEO and chairman of GE, is universally recognized as the greatest CEO of his era. According to him, transparency within a company is an important criterion which opens the doors for bigger success. Openness can have a positive impact on business process. Welch describes it in three aspects. First of all, employees can be involved in meetings and conferences where they can give their opinions without timidity. Someone with a voice can bring new ideas forward which are absolutely an advantage for the company. Secondly, it can advance the managers’ decisions. If new thoughts and ideas are getting said, they can be put into practice much faster. Nowadays, many companies have to cope with high pressure due to business competition. Thus it’s essential to improve oneself constantly. For this reason new opinions and ideas can have a beneficial effect. Besides the fact that openness can be very time-saving, it also reduces costs. Thirdly, it therefore can be said that transparency adds to a company’s benefit. At the same time, managers should be honest with employees so that they know exactly where they’re standing and whether they meet conditions. In other words, employees have to be informed about their roles within a company. This is extremely important for the clarity and openness in the corporate life and can be guaranteed through regular appraisal interviews in which the employee receives a feedback about his performance, strengths and weaknesses. A performance review enables the staff member to get a review of his work by which he can improve himself gradually for the coming months. Thus, it provides the opportunity to set expectations for the future both of the behaviors required of the individual as well as the results needed to be achieved. Since the appraisal interview is not a one-sided method of being assessed, the manager should be rated by his staff as well. One the one hand, it ensures equality within the firm because both are evaluated. On the other hand, the manager obtains an overview of the employees concerns and needs. Considering these facts it can be said that appraisal interviews should play an important role and be a formal element of an on-going and active performance management process in a company that strives for transparency. In this context Jack Welch illustrates his 20-70-10 rule his point of view of differentiation, where the staff gets ranked in three categories. The percentage represents the top, middling and failing employees of a company who should be treated according to Welch in different ways. The first 20%, which represents the best performers, deserve the best treatment for their efforts and achievements. Welch’s approach is to reward the best 20% with bonuses, commendations and advanced training. The 70% represents the average employees. These ones are valuable for the company because they have the potential to become one of the best. So a manager’s duty is to promote and challenge expertise and strengthen personalities of the average 70%. The main goal is to watch the employees, identify the ones with the potential of career advancement and to support them. During this process, it’s important to motivate the people and let them know that they’re part of the company. The last 10% are the poor performers, who have to be dismissed. Although the main principle of this rule seems to be very radical, it is according to Welch the managers’ duty to assign a role to the staff. A manager should show his employees how they can develop within the company and not confuse them by keeping this information secret. Nevertheless it’s alright to fail sometimes. Making mistakes shows that one is actively doing something. After all, people are learning from experience and sometimes it’s necessary to fail in order to see reason. But occasionally the job demands a great deal of someone. Jack Welch is onvinced that there’s no risk of getting burned out in an exciting job. Exhaustion can only be caused by a routine. Nevertheless, one must differentiate between important and less important things. A responsible manager should therefore primarily concentrate on major tasks with top priority while minor duties should be done at the very end. In this matter, Welch says it’s important to define clear go als if you want to be a good manager. It’s essential to know where you’re standing right now, where you want to get and how you want to reach the goal. Particularly regarding competitors, it is necessary to have a clear target. That’s why a manager should be aware that other companies are striving for improvement as well. So resting on one’s laurels should be avoided. If a company is very successful and belongs to the top ones, it doesn’t mean that the other enterprises are not aiming at success. There are always others who are doing things better. In today’s world it is therefore of great importance for a manager to create a clear vision and set ambitious business objectives in order to make progress. In addition, it’s necessary to make sure that everyone working in the company shares that vision and strives for the same goals. Both aspects are very much interconnected and should always be viewed in direct relation. So it becomes obvious that the combination of a good manager and the right team leads to successful business. In his 4E-model, also called 4E of leadership, Jack Welch explains how to build the right team. The E’s describe four characteristics that a manager should embody in order to achieve that. The first â€Å"E† stands for positive energy. â€Å"Welch says that individuals with energy love to â€Å"go, go, go†. These are people that are very optimistic, sociable and full of â€Å"joie de vivre†. A manager who is full of energy loves to work and never complain. The second â€Å"E† represents the ability to energize people and spark them to perform. The third â€Å"E† represents edge, meaning that those who have edge can come to terms with hard decisions and stay competitive. These characteristics are essential for a manager, but yet not sufficient. A capable manager must know how to transform energy and edge into action and results. That’s what the last â€Å"E† stands for; a good manager knows how to execute. If a manger fulfills all these conditions, he finally should have the passion to perform. People, who have joy in their job, are automatically better in their profession. They love their job and want the employees to love it, too. This passion proves that they’ve chosen the right job and accomplish the role of a manager in a perfect way. Having taken all these factors into account, I come to the conclusion that someone who wants to be a good manager need to think outside the box. These days it’s more than just about having the ability to control the progress of work. Beyond that it’s more important to have social skills in order to motivate people to work and being able to cope with conflicting situations. There is no doubt that experience is in this context the best teacher. One can learn from the boss but as well from the employees. Thus, a manager should be open-minded for any kind of criticism and consider the employees more as a team rather than only as manpower. Finally it can be said that  bringing enthusiasm to the job, building the right team and staying realistic are of central importance for being a successful manager in the 21th century. ——————————————- [ 1 ]. Slater, Robert. Jack Welch and the G. E. Way: Management Insights and Leadership Secrets of the Legendary CEO. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998. [ 2 ]. Welch, Jack and Suzy. Winning: Das ist Management. New York/Frankfurt: Campus Verlag, 2005. [ 3 ]. A new conversation with Jack Welch. 26 April 2011 . [ 4 ]. A new conversation with Jack Welch. 26 April 2011 . [ 5 ]. Krames, Jeffrey. Jack Welch and the 4E’s of Leadership: How to Put GE’s Leadership Formula to Work in Your Organization. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. How to cite How to Be a Good Manager in the 21th Century, Papers

Urinary Tract Infection And Kidney Disease â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Urinary Tract Infection And Acute Kidney Disease? Answer: Introduction There exists a strong relation between urinary tract infection and acute kidney diseases and needs constant monitoring and redressal. Repeated occurrence of urinary tract infection could point at the presence of severe form of kidney disorders such as prostate gland enlargement in men and kidney stones in females (Chawla et al. 2014). Clinical association between UTI and confusion in the elderly The expressions of UTIs vary considerably in the old and the young have been often found to cause confusion in the elderly. The symptoms and expressions vary with the aged group due to the differential response of the body to the attacking germs and bacteria. The responses produced by the Urinary tract infections have been found to produce serious consequences in the elderly. Some of the elevated symptoms produced in the elderly are increased signs of confusion and agitation in the individual. Therefore, precautionary measures along such as emergency trauma care services need to be provided to the support user. Analysing aggravated health conditions in the patient There has been drastic health deterioration in the patient attributed to a number of conditions such as presence of asthma and cardiovascular disease. The man had been addicted to smoking as well which could increase his susceptibility to respiratory infections. As commented by Flores-Mireles et al. (2015), nicotine has been found to expose an individual to an increased plethora of infections. The patient here being a 78 year old man of aboriginal origin possess limited knowledge or has limited access to healthcare services. Therefore, he has been addicted to smoking and taken little care of his health. Thus, the situation of the patient needs to be monitored continuously. Therapy requirement In the current assignment the man had been admitted to the hospital with chronic urinary tract infections. Therefore, therapeutic interventions in the form of medicine and renal drugs were required to control the infection and manage the symptoms of pain within the patient. Conclusion The therapies administered should be supported with sufficient evidence based tools which would help in accessing the clinical conditions of the patient along with designing of effective care interventions There needs to be timely intervention and adequate amount of screening procedures for accessing the patient health. In this respect, conducting a urine analysis would help in measurement of the amount of secondary or toxic metabolites produces in the body. Thus, implementation of a detailed screening process would help in designing proper care plan. The responses produced by the Urinary tract infections have been found to produce serious consequences in the elderly. Some of the elevated symptoms produced in the elderly are increased signs of confusion and agitation in the individual. Therefore, precautionary measures along such as emergency trauma care services need to be provided to the support user. References Chawla, L. S., Eggers, P. W., Star, R. A., Kimmel, P. L. (2014). Acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease as interconnected syndromes.New England Journal of Medicine,371(1), 58-66. Flores-Mireles, A. L., Walker, J. N., Caparon, M., Hultgren, S. J. (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options.Nature reviews. Microbiology,13(5), 269.